Week 38/2024

This week, Sabzian highlights three films that each question the boundaries of cinematic form and narrative in their own way.

On Tuesday, De Cinema in Antwerp screens Sean Baker’s The Florida Project. Set in the shadow of Disney World, Baker’s film lingers on the periphery of the American dream. It’s a film of surfaces, of motel rooms and fluorescent lights, where the lives of its characters are shaped by forces unseen but keenly felt. The camera hovers, never imposing, allowing these precarious moments to unfold with a kind of muted grace.

That same evening, Bozar in Brussels presents Chantal Akerman’s La captive (2000), introduced by Apichatpong Weerasethakul (to whom Bozar is devoting a retrospective). Akerman’s adaptation of Proust takes place in confined interiors, where the walls seem to close in as the film progresses. It’s a film about looking and being looked at, about possession and its limits; a complex portrayal of intimacy and power. The film’s formal restraint draws the viewer into its introspective rhythms, while Weerasethakul promises to offer his perspective on the resonances between Akerman’s work and his own cinematic practice.

On Saturday, Bozar continues its focus on Weerasethakul with another carte blanche of his, a free rooftop screening of Satyajit Ray’s The Music Room (1958). Ray’s portrait of a fading aristocrat is less of a narrative than a space in which music and memory intertwine. The film, with its rhythmic ebb and flow, moves in the same way as its central character: caught between past and present, between what was and what remains. There is something elegiac in this rhythm, a sense that time, like the music, will eventually stop.

La captive

An adaptation of Proust's La Prisoniere (book five of the collection Remembrance of Things Past). Set in Paris, France, it is a serious tale of a tragic and dysfunctional love. Akerman and coscenarist Eric de Kuyper evoke a man's doomed attempt to completely control his girlfriend.

EN

“Asked why she had returned, in La Captive (2000), to her rigorous apartment compositions, Akerman indicates that she did not have to go very far: "It is the mother", she says, smiling. The opening sentence of Molloy – "I am in my mother’s room" – becomes in Akerman’s work: "I am in a room next to my mother’s". Hearing how domestic images of her mother and aunt at the kitchen are imprinted on her memory, one understands that the protected but suffocating space of the home is the first object for testing creative autonomy.”

Dominique Païni1

 

“[...] one could argue that Jeanne Dielman’s “comfort” is strictly a matter of her keeping an encroaching sense of panic at bay through her compulsive routines – a feeling of panic that eventually overtakes and engulfs her. There are of course many other exceptions or variations to my formula that could be found in Akerman’s work: [...] The frightening entrapments of La captive (2000), loosely derived from Proust’s La prisonnière and Albertine disparue (as well as evoking, more indirectly, Bresson’s Les dames du Bois de Boulogne through its contemporary setting that evokes the past, and Hitchcock’s Vertigo through its hypnotic, obsessional intensity), may have more to do with brains and feelings than with rooms.”

Jonathan Rosenbaum2

 

“Plagued by allergies and asthma, Simon is unable to accompany Ariane when she goes out, but, suspecting her of loving women, spies on her and relentlessly questions her to find out if she’s ‘lying’ to him. What unsettles him, ultimately, is the enigma of femininity. What is a woman? and which mystery is hidden when two women are together? Proust explores the masculine side of the question, probably transposing his own anxieties – what hidden pleasures could his (male) lover find with a woman? Conversely, in most of her films, especially those with a (semi)-autobiographical resonance (Je tu il elle, Les Rendez-vous d’AnnaPortrait d’une jeune fille de la fin des années 60 à Bruxelles), Akerman portrays women who desire both men and women, developing, however, a more intimate bond with the latter. For a female director, the challenge posed by an adaptation of the Proustian text is that Marcel is constructed as the subject of desire – who acts upon it, obsesses about it, suffers from it – and Albertine is its unfathomable object. While both Sylvie Testud’s outstanding performance and Akerman’s peerless direction give Ariane a complex subjectivity and agency, what she does off-screen and what she thinks remain a mystery. Is it because the effects of female authorship are not powerful enough to dispel the “active/passive heterosexual division of labour” uncovered at the core of film narrative by Laura Mulvey: “woman as image, man as the bearer of the look”? Or is a more interesting (transgressive) structure at work here: a woman attempting to look at another woman who loves women through the eyes of a man who tortures himself by trying to understand female homosexuality from the inside? Threatened by the contiguity /continuity between two female bodies that the homosexual bond entails, the boundary between two individuals can nevertheless be restored by the introduction of a third term, intervening from the other side of the gender line.”

Bérénice Reynaud3

  • 1Dominique Pain, "Conversation: Chantal Akerman and Dominique Païni." On La Captive. DVD. Directed by Chantal Akerman. Artificial Eye, 2004.
  • 2Jonathan Rosenbaum, "Chantal Akerman: The Integrity of Exile and the Everyday", jonathanrosenbaum.net, May 25 2022. As originally published in Retrospektive Chantal Akerman (2011), a publication of the Viennale/Austrian Filmmuseum, and the second issue of the online magazine Lola, 2012.
  • 3Bérénice Reynaud, "Alluring Absence: La Captive", Senses of Cinema, April 2004.

NL

“In haar fictiefilms was Chantal nauwelijks geïnteresseerd in een plot. Bij het verhaal van een film dacht ze aan personages in specifieke situaties en, natuurlijk, personages op verschillende locaties. Ze was tenslotte ook de zeer getalenteerde documentairemaker die we kennen en haar manier om het verhaal van een film te ontwikkelen was altijd om in het heden te werken, in een continue tijd. Flashbacks vond ze ‘obsceen’ of ‘onnatuurlijk’. Dus in La captive stond het Marcel-personage centraal en het object van zijn jaloezie, Albertine, min of meer op de tweede plaats. Omdat er al een film was die La prisonnière (Henri-Georges Clouzot, 1968) heette, wat de Franse titel is van de roman die het verhaal van Marcel en Albertine bevat, koos Chantal voor een equivalent dat misschien nog suggestiever is: La captive – de gevangengenomene. Deze titel suggereert ook de ambivalentie van ‘gevangenneming’. Wie neemt wie gevangen?”

Eric de Kuyper en Annie van den Oever1

FR

“Un jour, j'étais dans mon lit, encore un peu abattue par l'échec d'Un Divan à New York, et j'écoutais la radio comme d'habitude. Et soudain, je l'entends, lui Paulo, dire qu'il allait produire Le Temps Retrouvé, je me dis je devrais l'appeler, cela faisait au moins 20 ans que j'avais envie d'adapter Albertine prisonnière.

Je ne l'ai pas appelé ce jour-là, ni le suivant d'ailleurs. Quelques mois plus tard, j'étais de passage à Paris pour trois jours seulement, j'avais rendez-vous chez des amis et j'étais en avance, je me dis, faut surtout pas arriver en avance, surtout à dîner, je serais dans les pieds, alors j'ai été m'asseoir dans un café en attendant que l'heure tourne, et là dans ce café, je le vois lui, Paulo. On se rapproche, se dit bonjour, et je lui dis mon envie. Il ne me demande ni le pourquoi, ni le comment, ni avec qui, ni quoi que se soit, il me dit, on le fait. Huit jours après, il m'envoyait un contrat. [...] 

Alors très vite, avec Eric de Kuyper, on a librement adapté, on a librement laissé nos souvenirs d'Albertine remonter en nous et c'est devenu La Captive. Quand j'ai remis le scénario à Paulo, j'ai dit, Paulo, lis-le vraiment, et dis-moi vraiment si ça vaut la peine, je n'ai vraiment pas envie de faire un film de plus. Il l'a lu, et m'a dit, on y va. Et on y est allé. Huit jours avant que le tournage du film ne commence, à 11 heures du soir, le téléphone a sonné, c'était lui. C'était simplement pour me dire que je pourrais faire le film comme je le voulais, que j'en aurais les moyens, et ce fut vrai. Après, il m'a laissé travailler en toute liberté. Un jour, quand Claire Atherton et moi avons senti qu'on était au bord. tout au bord d'avoir terminé le montage, j'ai appelé Paulo et je lui ai dit, viens voir. Une projection a été organisée. Il en est sorti heureux. Et son bonheur nous a soulevées, Claire et moi. Voilà comment est Paulo. Voilà comment il communique sa force.”

Chantal Akerman1

 

  • 1Chantal Akerman, Chantal Akerman: Autoportrait en cinéaste (Paris: Éditions du Centre Georges Pompidou/Éditions Cahiers du cinéma, 2004)16-19.
screening
CINEMATEK, Brussels
With an introduction by Apichatpong Weerasethakul
The Florida Project
Sean Baker, 2017, 111’

Set over one summer, the film follows precocious six-year-old Moonee as she courts mischief and adventure with her ragtag playmates and bonds with her rebellious but caring mother, all while living in the shadows of Walt Disney World.

EN

“There is a narrative, but it’s a little disguised or covered up. When I look at my own past work, I’m critical of it for having been too narrative heavy. For some reason, Hollywood – American cinema in general – finds it necessary to follow the three-act form, and if you don’t do that it means something’s wrong with your film. They say you need a clear three-act structure and heavy arcs for every character, and the audience needs to know what’s going on in the first 30 seconds. This is so closed-minded and not progressive. For this film I wanted the audience to feel like they’ve spent the summer with these characters. And when has your summer ever been plot-driven? No, you’re just meandering through your summer. I felt it had to be just a series of events, not bound to a plot.”

Sean Baker1

 

Scott Macaulay: When did 35mm enter the equation for this film?

Sean Baker: Oh, from the very beginning. I wanted to do something very different from Tangerine. I didn’t want to become “the iPhone guy.” The iPhone was appropriate for Tangerine, but it’s not appropriate for every project. With this film you had nostalgia, the beautiful colors of Florida, children in nature. I was trying to capture a very particular beauty that I felt like I just could not find digitally. And then, of course, there’s the preservation aspect. There’s a major problem we’re going to be facing as an industry when it comes to preservation. We’re going to have issues with digital films, at least the ones that haven’t been film out-ed. With Tangerine, Starlet and Prince of Broadway, I’m still dealing with those issues, and I didn’t want to have to deal with them on this film.

What issues are you dealing with?

Well, there’s no studio for any of those films, and I’m basically the person who’s solely responsible for their long lives. It seems like it’s an endless thing, but I’m constantly spinning drives. I’m making sure all of my masters are backed up properly, and that there’s redundancy everywhere on two different coasts. I have [them backed up on] LTOs, and still I feel it’s not enough. I just lost a mezzanine file of Starlet the other day – a top-quality, uncompressed QuickTime of the film with all of the properly broken-down 5.1 audio tracks. That drive stopped spinning. So, now I have to go back to my LTOs. I just want to get these films all transferred to 35mm and give them to the Library of Congress and be like, “That’s it.” So, this is something I didn’t want to deal with again with Florida.

Scott Macaulay in conversation with Sean Baker2

  • 1Sean Baker, cited in Amy Taubin, “Interview: Sean Baker,” Film Comment, 4 September 2017.

     

    Christopher Heron: One thing I thought back to after the film ended was that you open with [Kool & the Gang’s] ‘Celebration.’ After you watch the film, you realise those magical moments from Moonee’s perspective, these celebrations her mom orchestrates for her or Jancey. Was celebration a theme you were thinking about in the writing of the film?

    Sean Baker: It was definitely something I was conscious of, but I don’t remember when I chose that song. It was close to production, but it was definitely in the screenplay, because I knew I would have the title sequence play that song on the purple wall. There are so many contradictions and juxtapositions in that world, I wanted to be setting the audience up to a certain degree. That whole city and the county is all there because of the parks, it’s all about celebration – there’s literally a town called Celebration next door. When you think of being on the main street of Disney World, you think of a celebration. It’s all about that, but right in the shadows of it, there are things that are far from celebratory. At the same time, in a kid’s life, summers are celebratory. I’m just playing with the contradiction, the irony, but not for cynical reasons, I don’t think. It’s to make a point: you’re down there, spending maybe thousands of dollars on your family vacation celebrating, but not aware – not even an ignorance, because they’re not ignoring – of this hidden population that exists. But those people are very aware that this is happening, that this is a place of great happiness for the tourists that pass through their lives every day. I’m a bit inarticulate right now, but it’s coming back to me because you’re the first one asking about that stuff. Even when we were there, it was very strange to be spending more than a weekend or a week there. To spend three months there, we started to see that the artifice is right in your face. You feel even when you’re at a motel that you’re on a set, one that’s set up to serve the tourism. It’s all tourism, you feel that your lives are just serving tourists.

    Christopher Heron in conversation with Sean BakerChristopher Heron, “Sean Baker Interview,” The Seventh Art, 13 October 2017.

  • 2Scott Macaulay, “It’s a Small World: Sean Baker on The Florida Project, Shooting 35mm and Going Union,” Filmmaker Magazine, 14 September 2017.

NL

Hugo Emmerzael: Jullie films spelen zich altijd af in de marges van de samenleving. Is dat omdat de goede verhalen daar te vinden zijn of omdat die verhalen niet in andere films te zien zijn?

Sean Baker: Ik denk dat het een reactie is op wat niet gezien wordt, wat niet verteld wordt in andere films. Ik heb nooit begrepen dat onze industrie zo bekrompen is in de verhalen die het vertelt. Of nou, ik begrijp dat het komt door een gebrek aan diversiteit achter de camera en een gebrek aan kansen voor nieuwe stemmen. Ik ben juist geïnteresseerd in het horen van verhalen van diegenen die niet gerepresenteerd zijn. Het klinkt opportunistisch, maar dit is ook een kans om onze sociale kring te verbreden."

Is het ook jullie bedoeling om deze tragische verhalen op zo’n opzwepende manier te vertellen?

Ik denkt dat het komt door wat er gebeurde met Tangerine. We besloten toen om een komedie te maken over illegale trans prostituees in de hoop dat het publiek zo zeer zou worden geraakt door de film en de personages dat ze meer zouden willen leren over het onderwerp. Dat hebben we hier ook gedaan. We willen het publiek niet met een hamer op hun hoofd slaan. De sterkste en meest effectieve manier om een publiek bereiken is door op hun hart te mikken en dat kan met humor. Ik wil dat het publiek meelacht met deze kinderen en van ze gaat houden. Dan zal het verhaal hartverscheurend zijn.

Hugo Emmerzael in gesprek met Sean Baker1

FR

« S’il revendique l’influence du néoréalisme, ironiquement colorisé aux pastels Disney, Sean Baker ne dédaigne pas la dimension métaphorique. Moonee a un « arbre préféré » : déraciné, il continue à croître, comme elle, fille de la précarité. Les marécages qui imbibent la terre floridienne abritent des alligators. Les sauriens voraces représentent-ils le capitalisme dévorateur de pauvres ou renvoient-ils au crocodile qui traque le capitaine Crochet ? Le cinéaste se marre et opte pour la seconde hypothèse : « On parle d’enfants proches de chez Disney. Les alligators participent de sa mythologie. » De même, les condos abandonnés dans lesquels les kids vont jouer (et auxquels ils mettent accidentellement le feu…) peuvent représenter l’attraction du Manoir hanté (The Haunted Mansion) et les vaches paissant dans un pré celle du Safari … »

Antoine Duplan1

screening
De Cinema, Antwerp
Introduction by Annemone Valcke and Girls on Film
Jalsaghar
The Music Room

Based on a popular short story by the Bengali writer Tarasankar Banerji Jalsaghar shows the downfall of Biswambhar Roy, an ageing feudal landlord in 1920s India. In his refusal to yield to the new social order, the patriarch becomes a symbol of decaying feudalism in the face of modernity. Music plays a central role in Satyajit Ray’s depiction of misplaced pride and stubbornness. Rather than just accompanying the story, concerts of Indian classical music are an integral part of the narrative.

 

“I was in bed with my right leg in plaster when I decided to film Tarskanka Bannerji’s famous short story, “The Music Room” (“Jalsaghar”). A nasty fall on the stone steps at Benares had brought about a serious knee ailment. I lay in bed and read all the Bengali books I could lay my hands on. My standing with the distributors wasn’t particularly high at that point, and maybe this was one of the factors which subconsciously influenced my choice of “The Music Room.” Here was a dramatic story which could be laced – legitimately – with music and dancing, and distributors loved music and dancing. But here, too, was scope for mood, for atmosphere, for psychological exploration. I decided on “The Music Room” with clear artistic conscience.”

Satyajit Ray1

 

"If I were asked what has been my main preoccupation as a film-maker, I should say it has been to find out ways of investing a story with organic cohesion, and filling it with detailed and truthful observation of human behaviour and relationships in a given milieu and a given set of events, avoiding stereotypes and stock situations, and sustaining interest visually, aurally, and emotionally by a judicious use of the human and technical resources at one’s disposal."

Satyajit Ray2

 

“There is scarcely any plot at all in the conventional sense, yet at the end the viewer feels he has seen a man’s entire life laid out before him and has come to understand not just the man’s character, but something essential to life itself. Gently the film follows the shallow movements of this life; suddenly, from time to time, picking up a detail of almost frighteningly profound and true observation. Ray’s view is serene, but never unmoved; deeply felt but never sentimental.”

Cynthia Grenier3

  • 1Satyajit Ray, “Winding Route to a 'Music Room’,” The New York Times, October 13, 1963.
  • 2Satyajit Ray, Satyajit Ray on Cinema, (New York: Columbia University Press), 67.
  • 3Cynthia Grenier, “The Music Room (Jalsaghar) by Satyajit Ray," Film Quarterly 13, nr. 4 (1960): 42-43.
screening
BOZAR, Brussels
The screening will take place for free on the roof of Bozar
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